Izinto zePolyurethane (PU)., abakhe babe ngabadlali abathuleyo kwibala lemizi-mveliso, ngoku bakhanya ngokuqaqambileyo phantsi koxinzelelo lwetekhnoloji.Kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana neemoto, ulwakhiwo, izihlangu, kunye nefenitshala, izixhobo zePU zikumisele ngokuqinileyo ukubaluleka kwazo.Nangona kunjalo, i-wave entsha yetekhnoloji iqhubela phambili uphuhliso kwintsimi yezixhobo ze-PU, kwaye into entsha iguqula iindlela zemveliso, ibonelela ngamathuba angenasiphelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga kwiindlela zetekhnoloji zamva nje kwizixhobo ze-PU kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto ziluncedo kwinkqubo yemveliso ukukhokelela kwinguqu kwimveliso.

Imbali yemathiriyeli ye-PU inokulandelwa ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1930, kodwa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje apho iindawo zabo zokusetyenziswa ziye zanda ngokuthe ngcembe, zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembonakalo yeshishini lanamhlanje.Ukuguquguquka kwabo okubalaseleyo, ukuqina, kunye neepropathi ezahlukeneyo zikhokelele ekusetyenzisweni okubanzi ngaphakathi kweemoto, izixhobo zokufakelwa kwe-thermal zokwakha, ukukhululeka kwezihlangu, kunye nokunye.

Njengoko ikhwelo lokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lukhula ngakumbi, uguquko oluluhlaza lutyhutyha icandelo lezinto zePU.Uphuhliso lwezixhobo ze-PU ezinokubola zibonelela ngamathuba amatsha okutshintsha iiplastiki zemveli, ezinegalelo kulondolozo lwendalo.Kwangaxeshanye, ukuvela kwezixhobo ze-PU ezihlakaniphile, ezinje ngeengubo zokuziphilisa kunye neentsinga ezingevayo kubushushu, zinika iimveliso ezinobukrelekrele ngakumbi kunye neempawu zomntu.

Kwinkalo yoyilo lweemolekyuli, itekhnoloji entsha ilawula ukuvela kwezinto zePU.Ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwemolekyuli luguqula imiba efana nokusebenza koomatshini kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nanotechnology kuvumela izinto ze-PU ukuba zibandakanye imisebenzi emininzi, efana ne-conductivity kunye ne-antibacterial properties, ukwandisa uluhlu lwazo lwezicelo.

Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nokutsha okuqhubekayo kwiIzinto zePUitekhnoloji, le mathiriyeli yepolymer eguquguqukayo ikhokela uguqulo lwemveliso yemveliso yemveliso.Kwinkqubo yemveliso, ubugcisa obutsha bePU buzisa uthotho lweenzuzo, ukusuka kwimveliso ephuculweyo ukuya kuqinisekiso lomgangatho, ukubonelela ngexabiso elikhulu kumashishini.

a.UPhuculo lweNkqubo yeMveliso: Itekhnoloji entsha ye-PU izise ukuphuculwa okunzulu kwiinkqubo zemveliso.Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukwenziwa kwePU kunokubandakanya amanyathelo okuvelisa anzima kunye neenkqubo ezithatha ixesha.Nangona kunjalo, ngokungeniswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, amanyathelo amaninzi emveli emveliso anokwenziwa lula okanye ashiywe, ngaloo ndlela kukhawulezisa umjikelo wemveliso.Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo ezintsha zokusabela kunye noyilo lwe-catalyst lunokwenza izixhobo ze-PU kumaxesha amafutshane, ukunciphisa kakhulu imijikelo yemveliso kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

b.UkuPhuculwa kokuSetyenziswa kweziBonelelo ngokuLungileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha bePU nako komeleza ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.Ukwenziwa kwe-PU yesiNtu kunokuvelisa isixa esibalulekileyo senkunkuma, ngelixa ukwaziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kunokunciphisa imveliso yenkunkuma ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba eliphezulu.Ukongeza, uyilo lwezinto ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa zinokufikelela kusetyenziso oluphantsi lwamandla, ngakumbi ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa.

c.UkuNxibelelana koMgangatho weMveliso oPhuculweyo: Ngetekhnoloji entsha ye-PU, abavelisi banokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ukubunjwa kunye neempawu zemathiriyeli.Oku kuthetha ukuba umgangatho wemveliso unokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukunciphisa ukuhluka phakathi kweebhetshi.Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini afuna umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokungatshintshi, njengezixhobo zonyango kunye nokuveliswa kweemoto.

d.Ukwaziswa kokuSebenza ngokuzenzekela kunye neDijithali: Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha bePU kukwaqhuba uphuhliso lwemveliso oluzenzekelayo kunye nedijithali.Imigca yemveliso ye-PU yanamhlanje inokufikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu okuzenzekelayo, ukusuka kwigalelo lezinto eziluhlaza ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo, zonke zilawulwa ngokuzenzekela, ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye neempazamo ezinxulumene nokusebenza komntu.Ukongeza, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso zedijithali zinokubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani iiparamitha eziphambili ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ivumela abavelisi ukuba basabele kwaye bahlengahlengise ngokukhawuleza.

e.Uphuhliso lweeMveliso eziQalayo: Ukwaziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha bePU kuzisa amathuba amakhulu ophuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha.Uyilo lwemathiriyeli emitsha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kunokuvelisa iimveliso ezintsha ngokupheleleyo zePU, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zentengiso.Ngokudibanisa itekhnoloji entsha, amashishini angahlala evelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye azise izinto ezintsha ezothusayo kwintengiso.

Lilonke, izibonelelo zetekhnoloji entsha ye-PU kwinkqubo yemveliso ayiphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho kodwa ikwabonelela amashishini ngomda wokukhuphisana.Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kunyuswe ngokupheleleyo ezi nzuzo, amashishini kufuneka asebenzisane ngokukhutheleyo nababoneleli betekhnoloji kunye namaziko ophando, bahlale behlaziywa ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, baqhubeke bezama ukwenza izinto ezintsha, bazabalazele uphuhliso oluzinzileyo nenkqubela phambili.

Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango njengomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-smartIzinto zePUuqhuba utshintsho kwicandelo lezonyango.Ngezixhobo ezikrelekrele, ukukhutshwa kweziyobisi ngexesha kunye nokubekwa kweliso kuyakwenzeka, ukunika izigulane amava onyango aphuculweyo.Kwicandelo leemoto, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha bePU kwenza izihlalo zeemoto zibe ne-ergonomic, zibonelela ngentuthuzelo ephezulu kubagibeli.

Ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo inzuzo yetekhnoloji entsha yePU, amashishini kufuneka aqhubeke esungula izinto ezintsha kwaye afunde.Ukufuna intsebenziswano ngenkuthalo namaziko ophando, ukulandelela uphuhliso lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji, ukwenza imifuniselo, kunye nokuqhuba inkqubela phambili yeyona nto iphambili ekuphunyezweni kokutsha kwetekhnoloji.

Ikamva lezinto zePU libambe amathuba angenamda, kwaye ubugcisa obutsha bukhokelela kwixesha lenguquko yemveliso.Nokuba inegalelo kuzinzo lokusingqongileyo okanye ukuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lwamashishini akrelekrele, ukuvela kwezinto zePU kuya kuba nefuthe kubume beshishini behlabathi.