Ikhaphukhaphu njengeyona ndlela iphambili yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwintsimi yeemoto, kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zepolymer, ukuze ubunzima bemoto bufezekiswe, kodwa kunye nendima ethile yokonga amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, kodwa kwakhona. ukwenza ukuqonda kokuveliswa kwemoto kugqibelele ngakumbi, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza okubanzi kwemoto kuphuculwe, kunokuba kwisakhiwo sokwenza imoto kunye nokuhombisa ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwezinto ze-polyurethane.

1 i-polyurethane foam

I-Polyurethane foam yenziwe ikakhulu nge-isocyanate kunye ne-hydroxyl ikhompawundi enegwebu kwi-polymerisation, i-polyurethane foam inokohlulwa ibe yimathiriyeli ebhetyebhetye kunye ne-semi-rigid kwaye eqinile, i-foam ebhetyebhetye isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso yemoto.iintloko zeemotokunye nophahla lwemoto kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuthi ziqhagamshelane ngokuthe ngqo nabantu, kuba iimpawu zayo zinokuphinda zibuyele, zinokukhusela ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lomntu, zinokuphucula ukhuseleko lwemoto.Izinto ezizii-semi-rigid zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizakhiwo ezinjengeedeshibhodi, ezinokonga ixesha kwimveliso kwaye zizinzile.Izinto eziqinileyo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-insulation cabin yemoto.I-Polyurethane foam idla ngokuphuculwa ngokongeza izinto ezinqanda amadangatye ukulibazisa ukutsha, ukuyeka umsi okanye ukucima izinto zokutshisa ukuze kwandiswe ukubuyiswa komlilo we-foam, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwemoto.Inomphumo omhle wokuzalisa, ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo kwimoto.

2 Isitofu sokuphendula iimveliso ezibunjiweyo zepolyurethane

Le mveliso ye-polyurethane yenziwe ngokungundo kwimathiriyeli ekrwada engamanzi kwaye iphantse ingabonakali kwintsimbi ngokokuqina kunye namandla, kodwa i-50% ikhaphukhaphu kunentsimbi kwaye inokuba negalelo ekukhanyeni kweemoto, ngakumbi ukwenza umsebenzi womzimba kunye namavili okuqhuba.Ivili lokuqhuba, njengesona sakhiwo siphambili semoto, sinokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lwesidlo sasemini sentsapho, xa kwenzeka ingozi kunokunciphisa ukulimala kumqhubi, kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo.I-bumper yeemoto ezininzi zenziwe ngeemveliso ezinjalo, kwaye ukuqiniswa kwangaphakathi kunokubethelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi uphantsi kwesoyikiso esincinci.Isizathu esona sizathu sokusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane kwiipaneli zomzimba kukuba inempembelelo efanelekileyo yempembelelo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza ngokubanzi komzimba akuchatshazelwa yi-deformation kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

3 Polyurethane elastomers

I-polyurethane elastomers isetyenziswa kwimveliso yeemoto njengezakhiwo eziphambili ezifanaukothukaiibhloko zokuthomalalisa, njengoko imathiriyeli ye-elastic polyurethane ineempawu ezintle zokuthomalalisa kwaye isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezixhobo ezinamandla zasentlakohlaza kwi-chassis ukuphucula ukusebenza kweebhloko ezifunxayo ezothusayo kunye nokuphucula intuthuzelo yemoto, njengoko kunjalo kwi-chassis. iimoto ezininzi.Iingxowa zomoya nazo zenziwe ngepolyurethane elastiki kakhulu, njengoko esi sakhiwo sisithintelo sokugqibela sokukhusela umqhubi kwaye sinendima ebalulekileyo ekufuneka siyidlalile, efuna ukomelela kunye nokunwebeka kwe-airbag ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo, kwaye i-polyurethane elastiki yeyona ifanelekileyo. ukukhetha, kunye nemathiriyeli ye-polyurethane ilula, uninzi lwee-airbags malunga ne-200g kuphela.
AmatayaraZiyinxalenye eyimfuneko yokuqhuba imoto, amavili eemveliso zerabha eziqhelekileyo anobomi benkonzo obufutshane kwaye akanakusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko eziqinileyo, kwaye anempembelelo embi kwimpilo yabantu, ngoko ke kufuneka kukhethwe izixhobo ezingcono, kwaye izixhobo ze-polyurethane zinokuhlangana. ezi mfuno, kwaye kukho kwakhona utyalo-mali oluncinci kunye neempawu zenkqubo ezilula, ukuxhathisa ubushushu bamathaya e-polyurethane ngexesha lokunyathela likaxakeka Jikelele, oku kukwakhona kusetyenziso oluthile lwesizathu esilinganiselweyo, amatayara e-polyurethane ngokubanzi athululelwa inkqubo, angenza ivili lilungelelanise. kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo, ukuze ivili aliyi kuvelisa ungcoliseko, eluhlaza kakhulu, ithemba lokuba ikamva unokusombulula ingxaki polyurethane amathaya azixhathisi ubushushu obuphezulu, ngcono ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

4 I-polyurethane adhesives

Ibhondi ye-hydrogen phakathi kwe-polyurethane kunye nezinto eziza kudityaniswa iya kwandisa umanyano lwemolekyuli kwaye iqhubekisele phambili ukwenza ikhonkco liqine ngakumbi, i-adhesive ye-polyurethane inokuqina okuhle kunye nokulungelelaniswa, i-adhesive ye-polyurethane inamandla abalaseleyo okucheba kunye nokumelana nempembelelo, ilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Intsimi yokuncamathela yesakhiwo, inoguquko olugqwesileyo, i-polyurethane encamathelayo inentsebenzo egqwesileyo, iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokwandiswa kwe-thermal coefficient yokudibanisa, ineMathiriyeli ye-polyurethane ingasetyenziselwa ukuncamathelisa kwiscreen somoya kwiimoto ukufezekisa isiphumo esihle sokutywinwa, ukwenza iglasi yemoto kunye nomzimba uzinzile ngakumbi, ukwandisa ukuqina kunye namandla emoto, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bemoto ukuququzelela ukuqhuba imoto.Ingaphakathi leemoto ezininzi zenziwe nge-polyurethane, njengoko ixhatshazwa ngokukodwa emanzini kwaye inokuthintela ukuguqulwa kwamanzi okuhombisa, okwenza ingaphakathi lemoto libe lihle kwaye likhululekile.

5 Isiphelo

Ukwenziwa kweemoto ezikhaphukhaphu kube yeyona nto iphambili kwimveliso yeemoto, kwaye ikwayindlela yokulinganisa inqanaba lokwenziwa kweemoto kunye nophawu olubalulekileyo lwenkqubo yobugcisa efanelekileyo.Ukusetyenziswa kuphela kwezinto ezingcono ze-polyurethane kwimveliso yeemoto zaseTshayina kunye nophando kwizinto ze-polyurethane ziya kwenza ukuba iibhotile ezifanelekileyo zisonjululwe, njengengxaki yokumelana nobushushu bamathaya, ekwafuna uphando oludibeneyo kunye nenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo ngeengcali ezihambelanayo kwimveliso yemoto. kushishino, ngethemba lokuba umgangatho wokwenziwa kweemoto zasekhaya uya kuqhubeka uphuculwa.