I-Lightweight njengomkhuba oyinhloko wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yensimu yezimoto, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo izinto ze-polymer, ukuze kutholakale isisindo esingasindi semoto, kodwa futhi nendima ethile yokonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi. ukwenza ukuqonda kokukhiqiza kwemoto kuphelele kakhulu, ukuze ukusebenza okuphelele kwemoto kuthuthukiswe, kungaba esakhiweni sokukhiqiza imoto kanye nomhlobiso wokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezinto ze-polyurethane.

1 i-polyurethane foam

Igwebu le-polyurethane lenziwe ikakhulukazi ngezinhlanganisela ze-isocyanate ne-hydroxyl ezinegwebu ku-polymerisation, igwebu le-polyurethane lingahlukaniswa libe izinto eziguquguqukayo neziqinile futhi eziqinile, igwebu eliguquguqukayo lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izimotoamakhanda emotokanye nophahla lwezimoto nezinye izinto abantu abangazithinta ngokuqondile, ngoba izici zayo zingaphinde ziboshwe, zingavikela ngokuphumelelayo ukuphepha kwabantu, zingathuthukisa isici sokuphepha kwemoto.Izinto eziqinile kancane zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezifana namadeshibhodi, angonga isikhathi ekukhiqizeni futhi azinze kakhudlwana.Izinto eziqinile zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwekhabethe lezimoto.Igwebu le-polyurethane ngokuvamile lithuthukiswa ngokwengeza izinto ezivimbela amalangabi ukubambezela ukuvutha, ukumisa intuthu noma ngisho nokucisha izingxenye zokushisa ukuze kwandiswe ukubambezeleka komlilo wegwebu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwemoto.Inomphumela omuhle wokugcwalisa, ivimbela ukugqwala futhi inciphisa umsindo emotweni.

2 Umjovo wemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ehlanganisiwe yokusabela

Lo mkhiqizo we-polyurethane wakhiwe ngesikhunta ovela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe eziwuketshezi futhi awuhlukaniseki nensimbi ngokuqinile namandla, kodwa ulula ngo-50% kunensimbi futhi ungaba nomthelela ekwenzeni izimoto zingasindi, ikakhulukazi umsebenzi womzimba namasondo esiteringi.Isondo lokuqondisa, njengesakhiwo esiyinhloko semoto, lingaqinisekisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuphepha komndeni odla ukudla kwasemini, uma kwenzeka ingozi inganciphisa ukulimala komshayeli, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo.I-bumper yezimoto eziningi yenziwe ngemikhiqizo enjalo, futhi ukuqiniswa kwangaphakathi kungafakwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshayeli ungaphansi kokusongelwa okuncane.Isizathu esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwe-polyurethane kumaphaneli omzimba ukuthi inamandla omthelela omuhle futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza okuphelele komzimba akuthintwa ukuguqulwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.

3 I-polyurethane elastomers

Ama-polyurethane elastomers asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimoto njengezakhiwo ezibalulekile ezifanaukushaqeka okudonsayoamabhlogo wokugoba, njengoba impahla enwebekayo ye-polyurethane inezakhiwo ezinhle zokugoqa futhi isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezisetshenziswa zasentwasahlobo zamandla aphezulu ku-chassis ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamabhulokhi okubamba ukushaqeka nokuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kwemoto, njengoba kwenzeka izimoto eziningi.Ama-airbag nawo enziwe nge-polyurethane enwebeka kakhulu, njengoba lesi sakhiwo siyisithiyo sokugcina sokuvikela umshayeli futhi sinendima ebalulekile okufanele siyidlale, edinga amandla nokunwebeka kwe-airbag ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezifanele, futhi i-elastic polyurethane iyona efaneleka kakhulu. ukukhetha, futhi impahla ye-polyurethane ilula uma kuqhathaniswa, ama-airbag amaningi angaba ngu-200g kuphela.
Amathayiayingxenye ebalulekile yokushayela imoto, amathayi emikhiqizo yenjoloba ejwayelekile anesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza futhi awakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile, futhi anomthelela omubi empilweni yabantu, ngakho-ke kudingeka kukhethwe izinto ezingcono, nezinto zokwakha ze-polyurethane zingahlangana. lezi zidingo, futhi kukhona nokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kanye nezici zenqubo ezilula, ukumelana nokushisa kwamathayi e-polyurethane ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo, lokhu kusekusetshenzisweni okuqondile kwesizathu esilinganiselwe, amathayi ajwayelekile we-polyurethane athululelwa inqubo, angenza isondo lizivumelanise nezimo. kuya izidingo ezahlukene, ukuze isondo ngeke ukukhiqiza ukungcola, green kakhulu, ithemba lokuthi ikusasa kungaba ukuxazulula inkinga polyurethane amathayi kungukuthi ukumelana lokushisa eliphezulu, kangcono ukufeza ukusetshenziswa kabanzi.

4 I-polyurethane adhesives

Isibopho se-hydrogen phakathi kwe-polyurethane nezinto ezizohlanganiswa zizothuthukisa ukuhlangana kwamangqamuzana futhi zenze ukubopha kuqine ngokwengeziwe, ingcina ye-polyurethane nayo inokuqina okuhle nokuguquguquka, okunamathelayo kwe-polyurethane kunamandla amahle kakhulu okugunda kanye nokumelana nomthelela, kulungele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. inkambu yokunamathela yesakhiwo, inokuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, i-polyurethane adhesive inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ne-thermal expansion coefficient ye-bonding, ine-polyurethane material ingasetshenziswa njenge-adhesive ye-windscreen ukuze izimoto zifinyelele umphumela omuhle wokuvala, ukwenza ingilazi yemoto nomzimba uzinze kakhudlwana, ukwandisa ukuqina namandla emoto yonke, nokunciphisa isisindo semoto ukuze kube lula ukushayela kwemoto.Ingaphakathi lezimoto eziningi lenziwe nge-polyurethane, njengoba likwazi ukumelana namanzi ikakhulukazi futhi lingavimbela ukuguqulwa kwamanzi emihlobiso, okwenza ingaphakathi lemoto libe lihle kakhulu futhi likhululekile.

5 Isiphetho

Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezingasindi sekuphenduke inkambiso enkulu ekukhiqizeni izimoto, futhi kuyindlela yokukala izinga lokukhiqizwa kwezimoto kanye nophawu olubalulekile lwamandla enqubo yobuchwepheshe efanele.Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kuphela kwezinto zokwakha ze-polyurethane embonini yezimoto yaseChina kanye nocwaningo ngezinto zokwakha ze-polyurethane kuzokwenza ukuthi amabhodlela afanele ukuxazululwa, njengenkinga yokumelana nokushisa kwamathayi, okudinga futhi ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe nokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo ezifanele ngochwepheshe abahambisanayo embonini yezimoto. imboni, ngethemba lokuthi izinga lokukhiqiza izimoto zasekhaya lizoqhubeka lithuthukiswa.